English in Runes
use ᛡᚢᚢᛋ
consonants:
|
symbol |
name |
ancient pronunciation |
pronunciation |
variations |
notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ᚠ |
feel |
/f/ |
ᚡ /v/ |
||
|
ᚦ |
thorn |
/θ/ |
ᚧ /ð/ |
||
|
ᚱ |
ride |
/r/ |
/R/ |
||
|
ᚳ |
can |
/k/, /tʃ/ |
/k/ |
ᛣ /tʃ/ |
|
|
ᚷ |
gift |
/g/, /j/ |
/g/ |
ᚸ /dʒ/ |
|
|
ᚹ |
win |
/w/ |
ᚻᚹ /ʍ/ in dialects with it |
||
|
ᚻ |
hail |
/h/ |
|||
|
ᚾ |
need |
/n/ |
|||
|
ᛡ |
year |
/j/ |
|||
|
ᛇ |
yew |
/i/, /x/ |
|||
|
ᛈ |
play |
/p/ |
|||
|
ᛉ |
axe |
(/ks/) |
/z/ start, /ks/ middle or end |
as in x in sax but not cks in sacks |
|
|
ᛋ |
sun |
/s/ |
ᛲ /ʃ/, /z/, /ʒ/ | | |
||
|
ᛏ |
tree |
/t/ |
|||
|
ᛒ |
birch |
/b/ |
|||
|
ᛗ |
man |
/m/ |
|||
|
ᛚ |
loss |
/l/ |
so that w & l are win & loss |
||
|
ᛝ |
angle |
/ŋ/ |
|||
|
ᛞ |
day |
/d/ |
|||
|
‘ |
uh-oh |
/ʔ/ |
not in alphabet |
||
vowels in RP:
|
letter |
name |
short |
long (double) |
ancient pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ᚢ |
up |
/ʌ/ |
/u/ |
/u/ |
|
ᚩ |
on |
/ɒ/ |
/ow/ |
/o/ |
|
ᛁ |
ice |
/ɪ/ |
/aj/ |
/i/ |
|
ᛖ |
egg |
/ɛ/ |
/i/ |
/e/ |
|
ᛟ |
ethel |
N/A |
/ø/ |
|
|
ᚪ |
other on |
/ɑː/ |
/ɔː/ |
/a/ |
|
ᚫ |
ash |
/æ/ |
/ej/ |
/æ/ |
|
ᛠ |
earth |
N/A |
/æɑ/ |
|
|
ᚣ |
dotted up |
/ʊ/ |
N/A |
/y/ |
breve marks vowels reduced to /ə/
/aw/ & /ɔj/ are ᚩᚹ & ᚩᛡ
ᚱ after a vowel can represent length or -ə, depending on the vowel
vowels in GA:
|
letter |
name |
short |
long (double) |
ancient pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ᚢ |
up |
/ʌ/ |
/u/ |
/u/ |
|
ᚩ |
on |
/ɑ/ |
/ow/ |
/o/ |
|
ᛁ |
ice |
/ɪ/ |
/aj/ |
/i/ |
|
ᛖ |
egg |
/ɛ/ |
/i/ |
/e/ |
|
ᛟ |
ethel |
N/A |
/ø/ |
|
|
ᚪ |
other on |
(/ɔ/) |
N/A |
/a/ |
|
ᚫ |
ash |
/æ/ |
/ej/ |
/æ/ |
|
ᛠ |
earth |
N/A |
/æɑ/ |
|
|
ᚣ |
dotted up |
/ʊ/ |
N/A |
/y/ |
breve marks vowels reduced to /ə/
/aw/ & /ɔj/ are ᚩᚹ/ᚫᚹ & ᚩᛡ
a vowel with a breve and ᚱ after is pronounced /əR/ or /ɜR/, depending on if it is stressed
also diaereses are used to split triple same letters
note: this is a very general description for most dialects of english. here are some dialect-specific features:
when ⟨t⟩ is glottal finally, it is still tree, as it is useful in conjugation
when /aw/ is more accurately /æw/ (about half of US dialects) it is ᚫᚹ
tones ᛏᚩᚩᚾᛋ̇
atonic ᚫᚫᛏᚩ́ᚾᛁᚳ
no tones — like actual runes
e.g. ᚫᚾᛏᛁᛁᛞᛁᛋᛁᛋᛏᚫᛒᛚᛁᛲᛗᛁᚾᛏᚫᚫᚱᛖᛖᛁᚾᛁᛋ̇ᛗ: antidisestablishmentarianism (or ᚫᚾᛏᛖᛖ-)
tonic ᛏᚩᚾᛁᚳ
stress marked by acute in every word when not on first syllable
e.g. ᚫᚾᛏᛁᛁᛞᛁᛋᛁᛋᛏᚫᛒᛚᛁᛲᛗᛁᚾᛏᚫ́ᚫᚱᛖᛖᛁᚾᛁᛋ̇ᛗ: antidisestablishmentarianism (or ᚫᚾᛏᛖᛖ-)
note - the accents goes on the first letter of a digraph
recommended
polytonic ᛈᚩᛚᛖᛖᛏᚩ́ᚾᛁᚳ
for music; every type of stress marked
e.g. ᚫ̄ᚾᛏᛁᛁᛞᛁ̀ᛋᛁᛋᛏᚫ̄ᛒᛚᛁᛲᛗᛁᚾᛏᚫ́ᚫᚱᛖᛖᛁ̄ᚾᛁᛋ̇ᛗ: antidisestablishmentarianism (or ᚫ̄ᚾᛏᛖᛖ-; note that this word could have its stress organized differently)
abecedarium ᚫᚫᛒᛖᛖᛋᛖᛖᛞᚫ́ᚫᚱᛖᛖᚢᛗ / runarium ᚱᚢᚢᚾᚫ́ᚫᚱᛖᛖᚢᛗ
feel, up, thorn, on, ride, can, gift, win, hail, need, ice, year, play, axe, sun, tree, birch, egg, man, loss, angle, day, other on, ash, dotted up
punctuation ᛈᚢᛝᛲᚢᚢᚫ́ᚫᛲᛁᚾ
simple system:
᛫ should be used as a space, but ᛭, ᛬, ⋮, & × may be used too.
more complicated system:
᛫ - space
᛬ - comma
∴ - semicolon
᛬᛬xyz᛬᛬ - enclosing emdashes, parentheses (“the cat (a cute animal) is a mammal” = “the cat—a cute animal—is a mammal” = “ᚧᚢ᛫ᚳᚫᛏ᛬᛬ᚢ᛫ᚳᛡᚢᚢᛏ᛫ᚫᚾᛁᛗᛚ᛬᛬ᛁᛋ̇᛫ᚢ᛫ᛗᚫᛗᛚ”)
᛫̗xyz᛫́ - enclosing exclamation marks (“wow!” = “᛫̗ᚹᚩᚹ᛫́”)
᛫̬xyz᛫̌ - enclosing question marks (“what?” = ᛫̬ᚹᚢᛏ᛫̌)
examples ᛁᚷᛋ̇ᚫ́ᛗᛈᛚᛋ̇
light -> ᛚᛁᛁᛏ
lit -> ᛚᛁᛏ
lie -> ᛚᛁᛁ
lying -> ᛚᛁᛁᛁ̈ᛝ
live -> ᛚᛁᚡ
lives (verb) -> ᛚᛁᚡᛎ
living -> ᛚᛁᚡᛁᛝ
life -> ᛚᛁᛁᚠ
lives (pl. noun) -> ᛚᛁᛁᚡᛎ
[to] read -> ᚱᛖᛖᛞ
[past tense] read -> ᚱᛖᛞ
red -> ᚱᛖᛞ
school -> ᛋᚳᚢᚢᛚ
Gaea -> ᚷᛁᛁᚩ
what -> ᚹᚢᛏ (my dialect)
tour -> ᛏᚣᚱ, ᛏᚣ̆ᚱ, ᛏᚪᚪᚱ (note: spelled with ᚱ so that the inflected forms touring, tourist, etc. make sense)
|
“what” in runes |
strut |
cloth |
|
|
whine-wine |
yes |
ᚹᚢᛏ |
ᚹᚩᛏ |
|
no |
ᚻᚹᚢᛏ |
ᚻᚹᚩᛏ |
|
sentences ᛋᛖᚾᛏᛁᚾᛋᛁᛋ̇
ᛗᛁᛋᛏᚢᚱ᛫ᛒᚹᚫ̆ᛒᚫ́ᛗ᛫ᛏᛁᛁᛈᛏ᛫ᚧᛁᛋ᛫ᛏᛖᛉᛏ᛫ᛁᚾ᛫ᚩᚾᚩ̆ᚱ᛫ᚢᚡ᛫ᚱᚢᚢᚾᛋ̇᛬ᚢ᛫ᛒᛖᛏᛖ̆ᚱ᛫ᚫᛚᚠᚫ̆ᛒᛖᛏ
tl.: mistur᛫bwubám᛫tiipt᛫ðis᛫text᛫in᛫onur᛫uv᛫ruunz᛬u᛫betur᛫alfubet
meaning: Mister Bwabam typed this text in honor of runes, a better alphabet.
Pinyin for runes (Lu’enyin - ᛚᚢᚢᚢ́ᚾ’ᛖᛖᚾ)
note: this does not support the tones, as they are the same
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